LIBREVILLE, Gabon ( PAMACC News) - Communities in Eastern Uganda woke up to devastating months of July and August. By mid August, at least 30 people had lost their lives due to flash floods, with about 6000 being displaced from their homes.
“These communities in Uganda are at the frontline of the climate crises experiencing massive losses and damage as a result of climate triggered disasters,” said Philip Kilonzo, a climate activist based in Nairobi, noting that the region has never had any history of disasters of such a magnitude.
And now, according to Africa’s civil society organisations meeting in Libreville, Gabon ahead of the Africa Climate Week that begin on August 29, plights of such communities must be heard and decisions to support them made by negotiators at the upcoming 27th round of negotiations on climate change (COP27) in Egypt.
According to Dr Mithika Mwenda, the Executive Director for the Pan Africa Climate Justice Alliance (PACJA), the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and global community must create highly accessible climate financing for such communities in the frontline of the climate crisis.
“There is also urgent need to advance for implementation of climate response measures that enable Africa address its climate challenges as a special needs and circumstances region,” said Dr Mwenda.
This comes at the time the Horn of Africa region is facing its worst drought in more than 40 years despite the floods in Uganda. According to a new report released by the UN Office Coordinating Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), Kenya is among the countries in the region that are facing the most prolonged drought in recent history.
“Across the Horn of Africa, at least 36.1 million people have now been affected by the drought which began in October 2020, including 24.1 million in Ethiopia, 7.8 million in Somalia and 4.2 million in Kenya,” reads part of the report.
Ahead to the COP 27, the activists in Libreville are calling for establishment of a Loss and Damage Financing Facility, which resonates with the recent messaging of developing countries during the technical process in preparation for the Egypt climate summit in November.
“Full operationalization of the Santiago Network on Loss and Damage at COP-27 is critical,” said Munir Akram, the Pakistan’s ambassador to the UN and the current Chair of the 134 member states that form the G-77 & China.
The ‘Santiago Network on Loss and Damage’ is an initiative launched by the UNFCCC to connect vulnerable developing countries with providers of technical assistance, knowledge, resources they need to address climate risks comprehensively in the context of averting, minimizing and addressing loss and damage.
Apart from perennial floods and droughts that have always devastated particularly Northern parts of Kenya and Uganda, lakes in Kenya’s Great Rift region have slowly been rising, thereby displacing thousands of households, causing substantial losses to the economy, land, and livelihoods.
According to a study conducted by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) in collaboration with the Kenyatta University, the rising water levels of the Rift Valley Lakes, Turkwel Gorge Dam and Lake Victoria is due to hydro-meteorological variables due to climate change that have led to increased moisture availability as seen in the rainfall data and discharge of the rivers feeding the lakes.
The study shows that the increasing water levels are now changing the composition of lake water thus affecting biodiversity. “This is manifested in the reduced number of flamingos who feed on algae whose growth has been affected by the change in alkalinity of the lake waters,” reads part of the study.
Government data shows that approximately 75,987 households have been displaced in the thirteen affected counties with a total population of 379,935 requiring urgent humanitarian assistance.
The affected communities have endured disruptions to their livelihoods; they have lost assets such as homes, grazing lands and farming fields which have been destroyed and/or marooned by the floods.
The rising waters levels have destroyed social amenities like learning institutions (primary and secondary schools), health facilities, markets, fish landing and processing facilities, once-thriving hotels, curio shops, resorts and lodges, electricity lines, water supply and sanitation units (boreholes, shallow wells, sanitation facilities) as well as road networks, forcing many to use boat transport to access services across the flooded areas.
“We need a finance facility to cushion all these communities from these kinds of vulnerabilities, and also assist those who are have already lost their property find alternative livelihoods,” said Kilonzo.
Originally published here: https://nation.africa/kenya/news/climate-activists-call-for-loss-fund-creation-3929412
NAIROBI, Kenya (PAMACC News) - Kenya’s Cabinet Secretary for Environment Keriako Tobiko has called on African journalists to use the power of the pen to tell the Africa’s climate story from the African perspective, and petition the developed world to reduce emissions, and finance adaptation to the impacts of climate change in Africa.
“It is no longer an issue of climate change, this is climate crisis and climate emergency,” the Cabinet Secretary told a team of African journalists, researchers and members of the civil society during the launch of the Africa Climate Story Media Initiative (ACSMI) in Nairobi.
The ACSMI initiative is collaboration between the Pan African Media Alliance for Climate Change (PAMACC), and AfricaonAir, an organization that seeks to build capacities of African journalists through training and mentorship programs.
Trough this initiative, African journalist will publish well researched groundbreaking articles on PAMACC website, and PAMACC will allow other media houses across the continent to republish the articles free of charge as a way of amplifying the climate narrative ahead of COP 27 in November this year.
“We have aggravated the climate crisis and right now, the world is burning,” said the Cabinet Secretary.
He blamed climate deniers and fossil fuel supporters who are now out to distort the climate science. “It was sad to see that the 26th round of climate negotiations that happened in Scotland was heavily funded by heavy climate emitters, who unfortunately control over 85 percent of the global GDP,” he said.
He noted that Africa is investing so much in climate change adaptation, but from all the Conferences of Parties, African countries have always been asked to increase their ambitions on their national contributions towards the fight against climate change.
“I challenge you to go out there and tell the true African climate narrative,” he told the journalists.
During the event, Ephraim Shitima, the Chair for the Africa Group of Negotiators (AGN) noted that most funding that came to Africa was issued as loans, but considered to be part of climate finance.
“We need to distinguish between loans and climate finance,” he told the journalists.
He noted that for the African Group, COP27 should be about advancing the implementation of the National Determined Contributions (NDCs), including adaptation and mitigation efforts and delivery of finance to enhance implementation.
“COP26 concluded the remaining guidance on implementing the Paris Agreement on climate change, therefore, we need to advance the implementation of our climate actions,” the AGN Chair told the journalists.
About Pan-Africa Media Alliance on Climate Change (PAMACC)
The Pan African Media Alliance for Climate Change (PAMACC) is a network of African Journalists who report on climate change, environment, sustainable development and related subjects.
The network was formed on the 5th of June 2013 in Nairobi, Kenya by environmental journalists, who were then finalists of the first African Climate Change and Environmental Reporting (ACCER) Awards. The award was an initiative of the Pan African Climate Justice Alliance (PACJA) in collaboration with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
The Alliance has 120 members, located in different parts of the continent. PAMACC has coordination offices in four regions, namely the East African Region, The Central African Region, The West African Region and The Southern African Region. The Network has since been registered in Kenya as a Media Trust.
About AfricaonAir
AfricaonAir is a dynamic media and content production platform working with media owners, investors, regulators, managers, journalists, training institutions and donors to support the re-tooling, re-skilling and re-imagining of a new vibrant media sector capable of advancing peaceful, wealthy and just societies in Africa and beyond.
Founded in 2011 by veteran broadcast professional journalist Joseph Warungu who brings over 30 years’ experience in international journalism, most of it with the BBC in London, where he was head of the BBC African News and Current Affairs department; AfricaonAir is setting a new bold and ambitious agenda for Africa’s Media sector through training, research and strategic partnerships with diverse actors and institutions across public, private and development sectors.
AfricaonAir is creative in its niche and methods, and is also more committed to helping young journalists experiment and take part in a resilient transformation of the world. AfricaonAir helps media organizations understand current transformations (evolution of media uses, representations and values, structural changes, audience mobility trends) and incorporate these insights in editorial and commercial management.
Since its establishment, AfricaonAir has been the recipient of a number of high profile international awards, including the 2019 Global Youth News Media Award for making an outstanding contribution in media literacy through Top Story - its flagship young journalism students mentorship programme run in collaboration with 25 universities.
Bonn, c'est terminé. Les discussions relatives à la préparation de la Cop 27 ont pris fin sans qu'il soit possible de dire exactement, ce qui en est sorti de ses pourparlers. « Nous continuons les discussions, avance chaque participant ». Pourquoi est-il si difficile de s'entendre face à un phénomène dont chacun sait qu'il n'en sortira pas indemne ? Élément de réponse dans ce dernier point de Didier Hubert Madafime, envoyé spécial PAMACC à Bonn.
Dans un contexte où le réchauffement climatique devient, de plus en plus " fou", il n'est pas facile que ça, lorsqu'on écoute les uns et les autres, à la sortie de plusieurs jours de négociations à Bonn.
Chaque pays, chaque région et chaque groupe, face aux effets du climat, a en effet, ses problèmes et les solutions qu'ils croient les meilleures, sauf que la vérité des uns n'est pas celle des autres.
Et en plus des changements climatiques, explique, Elisabeth Kahurani, directrice régionale (Afrique) au Conseil mondial des communications stratégiques (GSCC), il faut, en plus, prendre en compte aujourd'hui d'autres paramètres. Elle fait ainsi référence à la crise sanitaire et à la guerre en Ukraine, venue rendre plus explosive une situation, déjà tendue
Changements climatiques : le paradoxe africain
Sans être responsable, le continent africain est appelé à payer le prix pour les effets des changements climatiques.
Et comme d'habitude, ses négociateurs ne sont pas arrivés à Bonn les mains vides. Ils avaient dans leurs sacs des tas de doléances, a rappelé George Wamukoya, Chef d'équipe, soutien aux experts du groupe africain de négociateurs (AGNES) qui vont de l'agriculture en passant par l'adaptation et l'atténuation, sans oublier la gestion des terres et de l'eau, des secteurs clés dont leurs vulnérabilités causent déjà des soucis aux dirigeants africains et à leurs populations.
Et il faut y ajouter, ce qui a le plus tendu les nerfs à Bonn, les pertes et dommages. Pour l'instant, c'est le statut quo.
La colère palpable chez certains
l'Afrique n'est pas la seule dans cette galère, il y aussi les autres, qui ont leurs soucis face aux effets du climat et qui peuvent être du même ordre que ceux des pays africains.
C'est le cas, par exemple, des pays de l'Asie du Sud-est dont la représente, Margaret Yoovatana, spécialiste principale des politiques et de la planification en Thaïlande ne décolère pas.
Dans sa zone, il y a des millions de vie qui sont en jeu. « Le secteur agricole contribue à plus de 10% de la croissance dans sa région, fournissant les emplois à plus d'un tiers de la population active ».
Elle mesure les impacts des effets des changements climatiques sur les activités agricoles. En donnant son point de vue, c'est à ceux-là qu'elle a pensé si les solutions traînent à venir. Et puis, il y a la situation des femmes, surtout celle des femmes africaines.
C'est pour ces femmes que Angèle EBELEKE est à Bonn.
Le point focal, genre et changements climatiques, reste toutefois confiante, malgré les résultats des négociations à Bonn.
« Ça fait plusieurs décennies qu'on négocié, ça avance. On finira par y trouver une issue ».
L'un dans l'autre, les négociations à Bonn, sont restées coincées sur quelques éléments fondamentaux malgré les manifestations organisées par-ci par-là pour rappeler les pays riches à leur responsabilité pour un monde moins violent.
Ce qui a été constant à Bonn, c'est l'espoir de chaque participant, que quelque chose se passera avant la COP 27.
Lorsqu’on lui demande ou, en sont les négociations, Seyni Nafo, lâche sans détour. « C’étaient déjà complexe, le niveau de complexité ne fait que se renforcer ». A demi-mot, ça à l’air de ne pas bien se tourner à l’intérieur des salles de réunions. Il y a deux choses, le reconnait-il, qui rendent compliquées les discussions, l’adaptation et les pertes et dommages. Pays pauvres et pays riches, chaque groupe, de son côté continue de tirer sur la ficelle. Mais ce n’est pas des discussions qu’il s’agit ce jour, PAMACC a sollicité le Coordinateur pour mieux comprendre l’initiative dont il porte la responsabilité. Comme certains le connaissent, il n’est pas avare en mot.
Seyni Nafo, se rappelle bien, comme si c’était hier. C’était en 2015, en pleine COP21 à Paris que fut prise la décision par les Chefs d’Etats africains de mettre en place une « Initiative africaine pour l’adaptation.
L’intéressé en convient, chacun d’eux, savaient ce que coutaient les changements climatiques pour son économie et son territoire. Il fallait trouver une stratégie pour rendre moins violent ses impacts.
Et comme impacts, Mr Nafo, évoque, principalement des secteurs comme l’agriculture, la pêche et l’élevage. Il faut donc, pour les chefs d’Etats un plan d’urgence a trois volets pour le continent. En-tête, les institutions et les politiques.
Le Coordinateur explique qu’il faut au prime abord, identifier toutes les institutions et politiques ayant en charge la gestion de l’adaptation en vue de créer une synergie autour de la thématique.
Après, il faut mettre en place un programme d’assistance technique qui a comme base la finance. Il s’agit désormais d’apprendre à pécher. Cela a besoin de développer des compétences nationales et régionales, de mettre en place des outils pour aider surtout les femmes dont la situation devient de plus en plus critique dans un contexte de changement climatique.
Il faut aussi aller vers les bailleurs en vue de mobiliser les ressources. Ce programme, insiste Mr Nafo, vise à éradiquer la pauvreté et la faim.
Les populations des campagnes, les grandes victimes
Pour ce faire, indique le Coordinateur de l’initiative africaine pour l’adaptation, il faut trouver une solution pour l’agriculture, trouver une solution pour l’eau, enfin, mettre en place des solutions robustes, durables et résilientes.
Il avertit en plus, « ne faut pas croire que le changement climatique est une simple question de développement. Il est aussi une question de politique et de survie ».
Ce n’est pas une affaire d’un ministre de l’environnement, assure l’ancien négociateur. C’est pour ça que le plan d’action de l’initiative africaine pour l’adaptation est un plan décennal avec une mobilisation de 100 millions de dollars.
Le succès de ce plan passe par la définition de certaines politiques, soutient l’intéressé. L’accent sera mis au début sur le service d’information climatique. Il sera fait ensuite appel aux institutions qui ont un rôle dans la formulation de la science et puis l’action.
L’Afrique compte 56 pays, chacun avec ses impacts climatiques. De même, le phénomène est vécu différemment à l’intérieur d’un même pays. Chaque pays a besoin d’une politique propre, selon ses besoins en adaptation.
Les avertissements de Seyni
On ne connait pas au Coordinateur de l’initiative africaine de l’adaptation un certain franc parlé. Au cours de l’interview accordée au PAMACC, l’homme toujours mesuré est sorti de sa réserve, de façon inattendue.
Il dit vouloir être provocateur, ce sont ces mots, contre les décideurs politiques. Ils donnent l’impression de ne pas prendre les changements climatiques au sérieux.
« Si vous construisez des routes sur le littoral sans prendre en compte la question de l’érosion, la question de la salinité, la route que vous avez construit pour 20 ans, risque de s’effondrer au bout de 10 ans. Si ensuite la couche n’est pas doublée vous allez voir cette se détériorer sous la pression des pluies, l’intensité des phénomènes météorologiques ».
Il appartient donc à chaque décideur de ne pas oublier les changements climatiques lorsqu’il pose un acte.
BONN, Germany (PAMACC News) - The Presidency of the 27th round of climate negotiations to be held in Egypt has promised to create enabling environment to facilitate as many African representatives as possible.
“We are really keen to support full participation of African nongovernmental organisations, Civil Society Organisations (CSO) and African communities at the forthcoming Conference of Parties on climate change (COP27),” said Amb Mohamed Ibrahim Nasr, of the COP Presidency, and the Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Nasr said this during a brief meeting with members of the civil society under the umbrella of the Pan Africa Climate Justice Alliance (PACJA) at the ongoing climate conference in Bonn, Germany.
“This is an implementation COP. We already have had enough rounds of planning, yet, as the developing countries in Africa; we are not getting our fair share. Whatever was promised by the developed countries is not being fulfilled, yet we are being asked to pay the price of adaptation and of loss and damage, do mitigation, and write off our natural resources,” said Nasr.
According to Robert Muthami, a climate policy analyst and a Programme Coordinator at the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Kenya Office, this will be a key moment for the recognition of the Africa Special Needs and Circumstances with clear provision for new, additional and predicatable support for enhancing climate action.
"Despite Africa being on the face of the climate crisis, efforts to have the Continents Special needs and circumstances have not been successful. It will be important for countries to stop shifting goal posts and agree on progressive decisions in fast tracking climate action," he said.
Nasr pointed out that there is need to bring out success stories that can be replicated and scaled up to showcase that communities and local governments are doing the best but are limited by financial resources – “These are the main messages,” he said.
“We are looking at PACJA as the main organisation to help in pushing of these ideas. We need to calibrate our message as the presidency. We need strong voices and messages coming from PACJA and communities. In that regard, we will do our best to ensure full participation of the civil society,” he told the PACJA delegation in Bonn.
He noted that since Africa is the hardest hit by climate change after the Mediterranean and the North Pole, the civil society constituency should be pushing, not just the same message, but the right message. “Each thematic day, there will be one session that is Africa specific.”
“As IPCC has put it, we, and the international community need to do more and we are lagging behind when it comes to adaptation. We have all the ingredients to put forth a strong case.”
He said that the civil society should try and bring out all the important messaging without provoking those opposed, who can block them. That they should build on the outcomes that are already available.
“We have a strategy, and we will be working with the AGN to ensure that Africa is back into focus,” said Nasr.
He urged the CSOs to leverage on the Africa Climate Week in Gabon and the Pre-COP in DRC and the AMCEN in October to give COP27 an African flavor.
“This is a global presidency, but we do not shy from being Africans. We want to see more Africans there because COPs come to Africa only once every five years,” he said noting that the country will make it easier for participants to get visas.
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BONN, Germany (PAMACC News) - After the release of the latest climate related scientific report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in February, a team of experts and environmental technocrats from different countries are sitting in Bonn, Germany from June 6 to 16, to analyse the findings so as to advise policy-oriented needs during the forthcoming 27th Conference of Parties (COP27) in Egypt.
The Conference of Parties (COP) is the supreme decision-making body of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that binds together 197 member countries also known as parties, which usually meet every year to discuss matters related to climate change, review the implementation of the Convention and any other legal instruments, adopts and take decisions necessary to promote the effective implementation of scientific findings.
During last year’s COP in Glasgow, Scotland, leaders from developing countries urged all nations to embrace such scientific evidence and urgently implement bold mitigation and adaptation measures to avert the looming climate catastrophes.
“Climate change poses an existential threat to most countries in the African continent,” said Kenya’s President Uhuru Kenyatta noting that the country’s extreme weather events including floods and droughts, lead to losses of 3 – 5% annual Gross Domestic Product in his country.
Why hold expensive conferences to discuss climate change?
Nearly all scientists believe that the changes in climatic conditions being experienced all over the world such as storms, floods which lead to landslides, droughts, warming of oceans which lead to destruction of aquatic biodiversity, and even change of seasons have been caused by human activities.
According to a scientific journal – Nature Conservancy, humanity’s accelerated burning of fossil fuels and deforestation (forests are key parts of the planet’s natural carbon management systems) have led to rapid increases of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and global warming.
Since time immemorial, scientists have shown that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane prevent a certain amount of heat radiation from escaping the earth’s atmosphere back to space, making the earth a warm place for life to thrive. To balance this, human beings and bacteria breathe in oxygen and carbon dioxide out, then plants do the opposite to consume the carbon produced by humans.
However, the more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, the warmer the earth gets. Burning more fossils therefore means more carbon in the atmosphere, and cutting down trees, means that there will be no plant to absorb the excess carbon dioxide, which makes the earth warmer than usual – a concept known as global warming.
The main threats of climate change, stemming from the rising temperature of Earth’s atmosphere include rising sea levels, ecosystem collapse and more frequent and severe weather.
It is therefore through such climate negotiations that parties (countries) meet under the UNFCCC to negotiate the best way possible to reduce further emission of greenhouse gases, how to contain the existing excess greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, and how to help communities cope with disasters that have been caused and are still being caused by extreme weather conditions.
Gains of the COPs and bottlenecks so far
Experts and developing country representatives believe that the most important fact is that the discussions have started, and are ongoing. Though, despite the discussions having been held for more than two and a half decades now, some people argue that there has been no notable gain.
However, Africa’s civil society representatives think otherwise. “The gains may not be very visible, but with the establishment of the Green Climate Fund (GCF), it is a step forward for the developing and poor countries,” said Charles Mwangi, the Acting Executive Secretary at the Pan Africa Climate Justice Alliance (PACJA), an umbrella of more than 1000 civil society organisations in Africa.
The GCF was established within the framework of the UNFCCC as an operating entity of the Financial Mechanism to assist developing countries in adaptation and mitigation practices to counter climate change.
The other financial facility is the Adaptation Fund, which is a financial instrument under the Kyoto Protocol (UNFCCC agreement in 1992 in Kyoto, Japan) and has been established to concrete adaptation projects and programmes in developing country Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, in an effort to reduce the adverse effects of climate change facing communities, countries and sectors.
However, the biggest bottleneck, according to representatives from the developing world, is the means of accessing money from these climate finance facilities.
“Challenges remain in accessing GCF support due to a myriad of complexities surrounding the GCF NAP readiness Support Programme. Procedural complexities, unstandardised formats and long review processes of submitted proposals are but a few examples,” said said Munir Akram, the Pakistan’s ambassador to the UN and the current Chair of the 134 developing coutries who are members of the G-77 and China.
The hallmark of the entire climate negotiation process was the ratification of the Paris Agreement, which emanated from the 21st round of negotiations held in Paris, France in 2015.
The Paris Agreement sets out a global framework to avoid dangerous climate change by limiting global warming to well below 2°C, and pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C. It also aims to strengthen countries' ability to deal with the impacts of climate change and support them in their efforts.
To facilitate this, developed countries agreed to mobilese at least $100 billion every year in support of the developing countries to adopt to climate change.
Moving towards COP 27 in November 2022
As we move towards COP 27, we call upon the developed countries to honor their pledges, we call on the available climate finance mechanisms to ease their proposal stringent rules to make more affected communities access the funds, and above all, we are joining the G – 77 and China in calling for a special dedicated finance facility for ‘Loss and Damage’,” said Mwangi.
African parties including the civil society are also looking forward to the negotiators according the continent special circumstances, given that it emits less than four percent of the total greenhouse gas emissions, yet it is the most impacted continent.
They are also calling for implementation of the Global Goal on Adaptation, an often overlooked aspect of the Paris Agreement that was established to increase the status of – and financial flows to – countries' adaptation activities.
The 27th round of negotiations will take place in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt from November 7 to 18th this year.
